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1.
SLC40A1 in iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and disease: A review.
Zhang, Y, Zou, L, Li, X, Guo, L, Hu, B, Ye, H, Liu, Y
WIREs mechanisms of disease. 2024;:e1644
Abstract
Solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) plays an essential role in transporting iron from intracellular to extracellular environments. When SLC40A1 expression is abnormal, cellular iron metabolism becomes dysregulated, resulting in an overload of intracellular iron, which induces cell ferroptosis. Numerous studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is closely associated with the development of many diseases. Here, we review recent findings on SLC40A1 in ferroptosis and its association with various diseases, intending to explore new directions for research on disease pathogenesis and new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics Metabolic Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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2.
Electronic Patient-Reported Outcome-Based Symptom Management Versus Usual Care After Lung Cancer Surgery: Long-Term Results of a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Dai, W, Wang, Y, Liao, J, Wei, X, Dai, Z, Xu, W, Liu, Y, Wang, XS, Pompili, C, Yu, H, et al
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2024;:JCO2301854
Abstract
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.We previously reported superior symptom control of electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO)-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery for up to 1 month postdischarge. Here, we present the long-term results (1-12 months) of this multicenter, randomized trial, where patients were assigned 1:1 to receive postoperative ePRO-based symptom management or usual care daily postsurgery, twice weekly postdischarge until 1 month, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postdischarge. Long-term patient-reported outcomes were assessed with MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Lung Cancer module. Per-protocol analyses were performed with 55 patients in the ePRO group and 57 in the usual care group. At 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group reported significantly fewer symptom threshold events (any of the five target symptom scored ≥4; median [IQR], 0 [0-0] v 0 [0-1]; P = .040) than the usual care group. From 1 to 12 months postdischarge, the ePRO group consistently reported significantly lower composite scores for physical interference (estimate, -0.86 [95% CI, -1.32 to -0.39]) and affective interference (estimate, -0.70 [95% CI, -1.14 to -0.26]). Early intensive ePRO-based symptom management after lung cancer surgery reduced symptom burden and improved functional status for up to 1 year postdischarge, supporting its integration into standard care.
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3.
Preparation of functional geopolymers from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash: An approach combining experimental and computational simulation studies.
Sun, M, Ma, L, Dai, Q, Yang, J, Xie, L, Hu, Y, Duan, L, Yan, X, Zhou, G, Zeng, L, et al
Journal of environmental management. 2024;:120226
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and safety of using municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSW-IFA) in the development of geopolymer-based solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatments. Geopolymers have garnered attention as a sustainable alternative to traditional cement, owing to their high strength, stability, and minimal CO2 emissions. In this study, a combination of experimental and simulation calculations was used to investigate the setting time, mechanical properties, environmental risks, hydration mechanisms and processes of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash-based polymeric functional cementitious materials (GFCM). The results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of GFCM are related to the changes in the mineral phases and the degree of compactness. Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the hydration products may be [Si(OH)4], [Al(OH)3(OH2)] and [Al(OH)4]-. It is possible that the heavy metals are embedded in the hydrated silica-aluminate by electrostatic interaction or chemisorption. Heavy metals may be embedded in hydrated silica-aluminate by electrostatic action or chemisorption. This study provides a feasible method for resource utilization and heavy metal stabilization mechanism of MSW-IFA.
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4.
Unveiling the unique role of iron in the metabolism of methanogens: A review.
Ma, Y, Qu, Y, Yao, X, Xia, C, Lv, M, Lin, X, Zhang, L, Zhang, M, Hu, B
Environmental research. 2024;:118495
Abstract
Methanogens are the main participants in the carbon cycle, catalyzing five methanogenic pathways. Methanogens utilize different iron-containing functional enzymes in different methanogenic processes. Iron is a vital element in methanogens, which can serve as a carrier or reactant in electron transfer. Therefore, iron plays an important role in the growth and metabolism of methanogens. In this paper, we cast light on the types and functions of iron-containing functional enzymes involved in different methanogenic pathways, and the roles iron play in energy/substance metabolism of methanogenesis. Furthermore, this review provides certain guiding significance for lowering CH4 emissions, boosting the carbon sink capacity of ecosystems and promoting green and low-carbon development in the future.
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5.
New insights into the therapeutic potentials of statins in cancer.
Liu, C, Chen, H, Hu, B, Shi, J, Chen, Y, Huang, K
Frontiers in pharmacology. 2023;:1188926
Abstract
The widespread clinical use of statins has contributed to significant reductions of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Increasing preclinical and epidemiological evidences have revealed that dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for carcinogenesis, invasion and metastasis, and that statins as powerful inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase can exert prevention and intervention effects on cancers, and promote sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. The anti-cancer mechanisms of statins include not only inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, but also their pleiotropic effects in modulating angiogenesis, apoptosis, autophagy, tumor metastasis, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, recent clinical studies have provided growing insights into the therapeutic potentials of statins and the feasibility of combining statins with other anti-cancer agents. Here, we provide an updated review on the application potential of statins in cancer prevention and treatment and summarize the underneath mechanisms, with focuses on data from clinical studies.
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6.
Graphene Quantum Dot-Mediated Atom-Layer Semiconductor Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution.
Hu, B, Huang, K, Tang, B, Lei, Z, Wang, Z, Guo, H, Lian, C, Liu, Z, Wang, L
Nano-micro letters. 2023;(1):217
Abstract
The hydrogen evolution reaction performance of semiconducting 2H-phase molybdenum disulfide (2H-MoS2) presents a significant hurdle in realizing its full potential applications. Here, we utilize theoretical calculations to predict possible functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which can enhance HER activity of bulk MoS2. Subsequently, we design a functionalized GQD-induced in-situ bottom-up strategy to fabricate near atom-layer 2H-MoS2 nanosheets mediated with GQDs (ALQD) by modulating the concentration of electron withdrawing/donating functional groups. Experimental results reveal that the introduction of a series of functionalized GQDs during the synthesis of ALQD plays a crucial role. Notably, the higher the concentration and strength of electron-withdrawing functional groups on GQDs, the thinner and more active the resulting ALQD are. Remarkably, the synthesized near atom-layer ALQD-SO3 demonstrate significantly improved HER performance. Our GQD-induced strategy provides a simple and efficient approach for expanding the catalytic application of MoS2. Furthermore, it holds substantial potential for developing nanosheets in other transition-metal dichalcogenide materials.
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7.
Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for long-term low vision after diabetic vitrectomy.
Guo, H, Wang, Z, Nie, Z, Zhang, X, Wang, K, Duan, N, Bai, S, Li, W, Li, X, Hu, B
Frontiers in endocrinology. 2023;:1196335
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the risk factors and develop a prognostic nomogram of long-term low vision after diabetic vitrectomy. METHODS This retrospective study included 186 patients (250 eyes) that underwent primary vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Patients were assigned to the training cohort (200 eyes) or validation cohort (50 eyes) at a 4:1 ratio randomly. Based on a cutoff value of 0.3 in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measurement, the training cohort was separated into groups with or without low vision. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on preoperative systemic and ocular characteristics to develop a risk prediction model and nomogram. The calibration curve and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to evaluate the calibration and discrimination of the model. The nomogram was internally validated using the bootstrapping method, and it was further verified in an external cohort. RESULTS Four independent risk factors were selected by stepwise forward regression, including tractional retinal detachment (β=1.443, OR=4.235, P<0.001), symptom duration ≥6 months (β=0.954, OR=2.595, P=0.004), preoperative BCVA measurement (β=0.540, OR=1.716, P=0.033), and hypertension (β=0.645, OR=1.905, P=0.044). AUC values of 0.764 (95% CI: 0.699-0.829) in the training cohort and 0.755 (95% CI: 0.619-0.891) in the validation cohort indicated the good predictive ability of the model. CONCLUSION The prognostic nomogram established in this study is useful for predicting long-term low vision after diabetic vitrectomy.
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8.
Genetic improvement toward nitrogen-use efficiency in rice: Lessons and perspectives.
Hu, B, Wang, W, Chen, J, Liu, Y, Chu, C
Molecular plant. 2023;(1):64-74
Abstract
The indispensable role of nitrogen fertilizer in ensuring world food security together with the severe threats it poses to the ecosystem makes the usage of nitrogen fertilizer a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. Genetic improvement of crops with high nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is one of the most feasible solutions for tackling this challenge. In the last two decades, extensive efforts toward dissecting the variation of NUE-related traits and the underlying genetic basis in different germplasms have been made, and a series of achievements have been obtained in crops, especially in rice. Here, we summarize the approaches used for genetic dissection of NUE and the functions of the causal genes in modulating NUE as well as their applications in NUE improvement in rice. Strategies for exploring the variants controlling NUE and breeding future crops with "less-input-more-output" for sustainable agriculture are also proposed.
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9.
[An exploration of safety and feasibility of transoral vestibular endoscopy in the treatment of thyroid malignant tumors].
Chen, W, Shen, L, Hu, B, Tian, Y
Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology, head, and neck surgery. 2023;(1):42-46
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of transoral vestibular endoscopy in the treatment of patients with thyroid malignant tumors. Methods:120 patients with thyroid cancer admitted to Xi 'an Central Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were selected and randomly divided into endoscopic surgery group(60 cases) and traditional open surgery group(60 cases). The general operation conditions, postoperative complications and postoperative quality of life were compared between the two groups. Results:The intraoperative blood loss, indwelling drainage tube time and average length of hospital stay in the endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in the traditional open surgery group (P<0.05), while the operation time and number of lymph nodes dissected were significantly higher than those in the traditional open surgery group (P<0.05). There was no significant differences in VAS score at 24h after surgery, white blood cell count, TgAb (+) and temporary hypothyroidism between the two groups at 24 h after operation (P >0.05). The CRP, total drainage volume, TgAb and serum calcium in the endoscopic surgery group were higher than those in the traditional open surgery group, and the PTH and Tg were lower than those in the traditional open surgery group (P<0.05).One case of hoarseness,2 cases of extremities numbness, 1 case of subcutaneous effusion and 2 cases of chin nerve injury occurred in the endoscopic surgery group, the total incidence of postoperative complications was 10.00%. Five cases of hoarseness, 11 cases of choking cough limbs numbness, 1 case of drinking water, 1 case of postoperative bleeding and 4 cases of subcutaneous effusion occurred in the traditional open surgery group, the total postoperative incidence of complications was 36.67%, the total incidence of complications in endoscopic surgery group was lower than that in traditional open surgery group (P<0.05). The total scores of physiological status, social/family status, emotional status, functional status and quality of life in endoscopic surgery group were significantly lower than those in traditional open surgery group (P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of oral vestibular endoscopy in the treatment of thyroid malignant tumors has the advantages of good surgical status and postoperative recovery, fewer postoperative complications.The patient was well tolerated,with positive safety,this technique has high clinical application value.
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10.
The cGAS-STING pathway in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.
Hu, B, Ma, JX, Duerfeldt, AS
Future medicinal chemistry. 2023;(8):717-729
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Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are common retinal diseases with shared pathophysiology, including oxidative stress-induced inflammation. Cellular mechanisms responsible for converting oxidative stress into retinal damage are ill-defined but have begun to clarify. One common outcome of retinal oxidative stress is mitochondrial damage and subsequent release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol. This leads to activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, resulting in interferon release and disease-amplifying inflammation. This review summarizes the evolving link between aberrant cGAS-STING signaling and inflammation in common retinal diseases and provides prospective for targeting this system in diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Further defining the roles of this system in the retina is expected to reveal new disease pathology and novel therapeutic approaches.